Meningitis

Overcrowding and poor living conditions in Iraq’s Domeez camp have led to a recent deterioration in the health of Syrian refugees.

Food and water shortages in Chad are exacerbating malnutrition and contributing to the spread of deadly diseases like measles and meningitis.

This update details MSF's recent activities in Africa's Sahel region, where widespread malnutrition and water shortages are exacerbating the outbreaks of diseases like meningitis.

Severe acute malnutrition in parts of Chad has reached emergency levels, requiring immediate life-saving interventions.

In December 2011, MSF nurse Marja Scholten coordinated a vaccination campaign in the African country of Chad to prevent meningitis.

In December, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) will support the national Ministries of Health of Niger and Mali to carry out meningitis vaccination campaigns using a new, low-cost, longer-lasting vaccine. This vaccine, which was recently endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a major improvement over older meningitis vaccines and has the potential to save thousands of lives each year.

In a US diplomatic cable made public by Wikileaks, a Pfizer official wrongfully claims MSF was involved in the company's unethical drug trial in Nigeria in 1996, a falsehood Pfizer should correct.

Through its Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, MSF has been closely following the developments in the world of access to medicines, vaccines and diagnostics.

This month, in Mali and Niger, MSF will support the provision of a promising new vaccine that could prevent future outbreaks of the deadliest form of meningitis.

The Meningitis Vaccine Project was launched in 2001 with the main goal of creating an affordable vaccine that would respond to a specific meningitis strain that plagues Africa each year.

"With the extended protection offered by this vaccine, we can hopefully prevent the epidemics from taking place at all."

A new and improved low-cost vaccine against Meningitis A received the formal quality stamp of approval from the WHO, a move that offers great promise for the 430 million people at risk.

Nearly 400,000 children and young adults were vaccinated against meningococcal meningitis in the areas of Zinder, Maradi, and Madaoua when MSF supported the ministry of health during a vaccination campaign that ran from April 13 to 25.

During the last four months, MSF teams in cooperation with the national health officials have been moving quickly, following the epidemic trend, to help treat tens of thousands of patients and to proceed swiftly on a massive vaccination campaign for 7.5 million people.

This year’s meningitis outbreak in northern Nigeria has already led to the deaths of over 1,500 people. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), in cooperation with the Nigerian Ministry of Health, is carrying out a mass vaccination campaign as well as undertaking the very important task of treating the patients who are suffering from the disease.

More than 1,900 people affected by meningitis have died since the beginning of this year in an area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the meningitis belt. In Nigeria, Niger and Chad alone, MSF medical teams have treated more than 56,000 sick patients. The organization is currently vaccinating a total population of more than seven million in the three countries, the biggest vaccination campaign MSF has ever carried out.

Interview with Dr. Helmy Mekaoui, Emergency Coordinator, for Niger

Several countries in West Africa are facing a major meningitis epidemic. In Nigeria, this is the worst meningitis epidemic the country has experienced since 1996.

“It’s true that vaccinations stop the epidemic from spreading, but without emergency medical treatment for patients with meningitis, the number of lives lost would be catastrophic," says MSF doctor Nico Heijenberg.

Meningitis, a disease responsible for thousands of deaths in Africa, is currently spreading in several West African countries. While ensuring quick access to treatment for those already infected, MSF is also starting mass vaccination campaigns in Nigeria and Niger and is closely following the situation in other countries in the region. MSF is planning to vaccinate between 4 million and 5 million people against meningitis.

This expulsion has serious medical and humanitarian consequences for the population of Darfur, one of which is that the outbreaks of meningitis in Kalma camp and at the base of Jebel Marra mountain range will possibly go without a medical response.

New York, New York, December 1, 2008—A partial dose of a commonly used vaccine against meningitis may be as effective as a full dose, according to newly published research in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Fractional dosing would enable large-scale vaccination campaigns during epidemics, especially at a time of global vaccine shortages.

At the beginning of May, at the request of the health ministry of Niger, MSF provided backup assistance for a meningitis epidemic in the Dosso region. Here, Issiaka Abdou, MSF emergency co-ordinator, talks about the operation.

In Niger, a meningitis mass-vaccination campaign launched by MSF, in cooperation with the local Ministry of Health (MoH), has ended. The aim was to prevent a large-scale epidemic after a number of cases had been reported in late March. More than 300,000 people were vaccinated in 20 days with positive results—the spread of the epidemic was stemmed.

MSF has been quick to respond to meningitis epidemics in several countries in Africa's "meningitis belt." In the four countries–Burkina Faso, Sudan, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC-where the epidemic threshold has been reached MSF's first response was to evaluate the outbreak, identify the strain of meningitis, and treat people infected with the disease.

Southern Sudan has paid one of the highest prices among countries affected by meningitis this year. Several teams from Doctors Without Borders/Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) are caring for those affected by the deadly epidemic and vaccinating the population at risk throughout a number of states in the region. To make matters worse, cholera is quickly progressing in a number of areas.

New York, Ouagadougou, March 23, 2007 – The meningitis epidemic that emerged in Burkina Faso at the end of February continues to spread. The most recent statistics issued by the health authorities in mid March show 801 deaths and 10,796 suspected cases since the beginning of the year. While two-thirds of the country is in an epidemic phase or on alert, the capital, Ouagadougou, is affected. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), already assisting hospitalized patients in the capital, is now stepping up its response. A cargo plane carrying vaccines for 540,000 people arrived on Saturday, March 17 with the necessary cold chain equipment, and MSF meningitis specialists are present in the county.

MSF began a meningitis vaccination campaign in Juba, the capital of southern Sudan, on March 14, vaccinating the population at risk in three health zones in the capital city. Approximately 160,000 people between the ages of 2 and 30 will be vaccinated. Below is a synopsis of the second day of vaccinations, March 15, from one of the 12 sites.

During the past weeks, teams from Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) assisted in the vaccination of over 860,000 people against meningitis, a contagious and potentially fatal infection of the brain membrane.

Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has completed a mass meningitis-vaccination campaign in two districts of the West Nile region of Uganda, supervising the vaccination of 291,000 people and assisting with the vaccination of 333,000 more.

In the coming days, a 52-person team will vaccinate everyone from 2 to 30 years of age in the Adi health zone, in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Dr. Alena Koscalova has been one of the medical coordinators for Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in the DRC for more than two years. She is currently in charge of the meningitis vaccination campaign and answers our questions about the effort.

Barely two months into Africa's dry season, there are several countries facing severe outbreaks of meningitis. Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is already responding to epidemics in the Democratic Republic of Congo, southern Sudan, and northern Uganda.

Since the first cases of meningococcal meningitis A were confirmed in two districts of the West Nile region of northern Uganda in early January, MSF has been working closely with the Ugandan Ministry of Health (MoH) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce mortality, minimize the spread of the epidemic, and strengthen the epidemiological-surveillance system.

Dr. Jean-Paul Delain, a 53-year-old pulmonary specialist from Avignon, France, arrived in the village of Akuem, in Sudan's Bahr el Ghazal State, at the end of March to evaluate whether the area was in the midst of a meningitis outbreak.

On February 27, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) launched a massive meningitis vaccination campaign in the Maradi region of Niger. Five hundred thousand people are expected to be vaccinated initially. MSF teams are also treating people who have already contracted this highly-contagious infectious disease.

Cases of meningitis were reported during the first week of January in the Welayita region of the Kendo Kocha and Bolo Sore woredas (administrative units), in southern Ethiopia.

Abeche, Chad, 28 January 2005 - The international medical humanitarian aid organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is launching a meningitis vaccination campaign in eastern Chad, following a recent outbreak among refugees from Sudan's Darfur region. The campaign is aimed at protecting thousands of people in the area from the highly infectious disease, which is particularly threatening in the overcrowded camps.