The Lake Chad region is beset by violence, as attacks by Boko Haram, also known as the Islamic State’s West Africa Province (ISWAP) group, continue unabated, driving huge numbers of people from their homes. Government military operations in response are also contributing to the mass displacement across the region. To date, more than 2.5 million people have been rendered homeless by violence, fighting, and terror in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger.
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is scaling up its medical and humanitarian response in the four countries. MSF director of operations Dr. Jean-Clément Cabrol recently visited Cameroon and Chad. Here he shares his impressions of the major humanitarian needs in the area.
In the Lake Chad area we are seeing a regional crisis with large-scale humanitarian consequences. People continue to flee from violence, across borders and inside their own countries. Some are escaping violence perpetrated by ISWAP, but many are also fleeing reprisal acts and offensives carried out by the regional military forces.
This is a vicious circle of violence where civilians are trapped in the middle.
Lack of Health Care, Vulnerable Living Conditions
Health facilities are few and far between. In some places, they have been closed altogether, as they lack essential drugs and equipment, or the medical staff have been forced to flee. This results in the civilian population being deprived of lifesaving health care.
Those who have been forced to flee are living in extremely vulnerable conditions without shelter and livelihood. Many are unable to harvest their fields, and food prices have risen dramatically. This is adding pressure in an already fragile and neglected region where basic services are not sufficient.
In response, MSF is providing humanitarian and medical assistance to refugee, displaced, and host communities in the four countries bordering Lake Chad.
MSF teams in Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria, and Niger work in collaboration with the Ministries of Health to deliver lifesaving services such as primary health care, pediatric and nutritional support, psychological assistance, surgical care, and treatment for the wounded and victims of violence. We are also providing water and relief items to those in need across the region.
Full Extent of Needs Unknown
There are many people we simply cannot reach, and there are areas where we don’t even know the full extent of the needs.
Reaching those who have been displaced in their own country is very challenging, with the majority living dispersed in host communities, and in insecure and difficult-to-access areas.
Despite these constraints, we aim to ensure health services are available to them. In addition, we provide assistance to the host communities whose solidarity is being put under strain as they also struggle to survive with limited means.
Fear and an Uncertain Future
What is striking about this crisis is the sheer terror under which people are living. Attacks are occurring at markets, places of worship, and schools, causing widespread fear and displacement.
Meanwhile, counter-offensives and violence force people out of their villages to search for a place to live in safety and peace.
People feel unsafe, and are unwilling to return to their homes. It is as if they are just waiting.
It is difficult to see what the future will hold for them. Today, the only certainty is that people will remain uprooted and continue to live in fear.”
MSF teams are currently working in several locations in the four countries bordering Lake Chad. In northern Nigeria, MSF is providing essential medical care to displaced and host communities in Borno and Yobe states. MSF is running health facilities in Minawao, Mora, Mokolo, and Kousseri in north Cameroon. Lifesaving medical care is also provided in Baga Sola and Bol in Chad, and in the Diffa region of Niger.
